Me pēhea te Tirohia i Tō Tūru Hokohei ki te Piki i te Wehewehe

Whakamatautia ō Tukutuku Pūkakī ngā Hiahia ā-Tūranga

Tautuhi i ngā Kīanga Tuatahi mo te Hokohoko

Ka tīka ake te mōhio i te momo mahi hiki e hiahiatia ana kia ngāwari ake ai te hanga i tētahi waka tōku e tino tika ana mō te mahi. Tīmata ki te tirohia i ētahi atu mea e neke ana i te rā ki te rā. Ko tēnā e whakaatu ana i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga e tika ana kia whakauru ki te hoahoa i te waka tōku tika mō ērā ngā mahi. Ko ngā taumaha e herea ana, me te rahi anō hoki o te kawenga kia kaua e pakaru he mea nui hoki. Kaua e wareware ki te tukatuka i ngā tikanga ka utua ai, ka tāwhai hoki i ngā mahi i te rā, i te rā. E hiahiatia ana hoki ētahi waka tōku ki ētahi waka tōku motuhake ina heke ana ki ngā mea tino rahi, ki ngā hua hoki e pā ana ki te āpiti. Kaua e wareware ki te āhua o ngā mea ina rerekē ngā wā o te tau. Ka taea e ngā marama o te takurua te tautohu i ētahi whirinakitanga rerekē i ngā wā pāpaku o te tau. Ka taea hoki ngā panonitanga iti nei kia whakatika i ngā wā katoa kia rere tonu ai ngā waka tōku.

Te whakataurite i te whenua me te taunaha kawe

Kei te whai rerekētanga nui te tirotiro i te whenua me te mōhio ki te maha o ngā wā e kawea ana ngā kāpita ina hiahia ana koe ki te whai performance pai ake i ngā tarakihana. Tīmata ki te whai mōhio kei hea te wā tapenu e noho ana te tarakihana, me ngā tikanga whenua e noho ana. Ina hāngai ana ki te whenua pāpaku, heoi anō rā pea ngā tarakihana e whai painga ana i ngā whakapai ake pērā i ngā tapa kaha ake, i ngā tātāwe whakakaha. Kātahi ka iti ake ngā whara i te wā, ake ake hoki te haere tonu o te tapena anō hoki i runga i ngā whenua uaua. Ko ngā rāwekenga kāpita he mea hoki nā te mōhio ki te wā, me te taumaha o te kāpita e āwhina ai i te whakarite i ngā wā tiaki whakapai. Kātahi ka iti ake ngā take tūkino, ake ake hoki te haere tonu o ngā mahi. Ko ngā rereketanga o ngā tikanga whenua e āwhinō ana i te rere o te kora, e whai pānga ana hoki ki te raru o ngā mōuka. E pai ana ētahi tarakihana ki te whakamahi i ngā mōuka motuhake, i ngā aratau whirikenga rerekē i hangaia mō ngā mahi e noho ana. Mā te whai mōhio ki ēnei mea katoa ka taea e ngā kaimātai o ngā tarakihana te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwhiringa e tō tata ana i te performance me ngā utu whakahaere, kia mātua whai hua ake ai ngā tapena kāore ai i te nui rawa te utu.

Momo Whakahaere Whakapai Pūmotu

Whakapai Pūkaha Motokā Rūma

Ka tūpono ake te whakahaere i ngā mōhinu tīhi ki te whakapai ake i te kaha o te rere me te penapena i ngā utu kora. E maha ana ngā tāngata e angitu ana mā te rapu i ngā wāhanga tuatoru me te whakarerekē i ā rātou tōtōhanga, pērā i te tāpiri i ngā turupō me te whakauru i ngā pātī whakapai. Āwhina ana ēnei momo whakarerekē ki te whiwhi i te kaha ake mai i te mōhinu i te wā e iti ake ana te kaihoko. Ko te whakamātau i ngā kāpua kounga teitei me te whakahaere i ngā kōinga pai rawa kia pai ai te whakahaere tūturu o te wā roa. Ko te nuinga o ngā tohunga mōhini ka kī atu ki te katoa ka hiahiatia e rātou ngā manuhiri ki te whai tāpiri atu ki ēnei mea matua engari nui kia hua ai. Whakapumaua hoki e ngā tau tēnei kaupapa – e kii ana ngā tāngata kei te 10 ki te 20 ōrau te whakapai ake i te kora rere, tāpirihia ki te 15 ōrau te kaha hāngai ake. He mārama te nuinga o ngā kaitono waka ka utu moni mō ēnei whakapai kia kitea e rātou te rerekētanga e hāngai ana.

Ngā Pūmau Hīkoi me Ngā Whakamaharatanga Whakamahana Waewae

Tukutuku kei te kitea e ngā kaiwhakahaere ka tuku ngā pūnaha huinga kua whiwhi pono i te whakaitinga i ngā utu whakahaere me ngā whakaputanga whakaihiihi mai i ō rātou waka tira. Ko ngā kamupene e huri ana ki ngā huinga ka iti ake te kaiwhakamahi inu inu i te wā kotahi ka awhina i te taiao anō hoki. Kua ripoata ētahi kamupene arataki kua pakaru kaha te utu i ia tau i muri i te whakauru i ngā huinga huinga ki ō rātou waka, me te iti ake hoki i ngā putanga karbona. Kei te tipu haere te maakete mō ngā kora kaua rawa, ina nui ake ngā whakapai ake i ngā hangarau mō ngā inu inu inu e whakatu ake ana i ngā tatau hou mō ngā tikanga whaihua. E whakapono ana maha o ngā kaiwhakahaere waka ka whai hua te whakauru i ēnei kora whakauru hei whakapumau i te whai wāwā o te roanga o te wā kaore e nui te utu. Me te pēhi e pā ana ki te umanga katoa kia whakamahi i ngā tikanga korepara, kei te raru ngā kaiwhakahaere waka e whakakaha ana i ēnei whiringa ka tūpono ka māmātia e ngā kaiwhai i mua i te hui.

Whakatika Chassis mo te Paiheretanga Whaihua

Rautaki Whakapai Take

Ko ngā hoahoa anga kaha ake he wāhi nui ki te whakapaua ake i te wā e whakamahia ai ngā tarakihana me te whakaeke i ngā kawenga nui ake. Ko te whakamahi i ngā mea pērā i te mātāpuna kaha teitei e hāngai ai ki te kaha o ēnei anga i te wā e toa ana i ngā tikanga uaua, kei te toa tonu hoki ratou i te wā roa ake. Ka taea hoki e te nui o te utu tuatahi te utu nui ake, engari ko te nuinga o te wā ka utua te nuinga i muri mai i te mea he iti noa ngā hiahia ki te whakatika me te whakahaere. Ko te whai mōhio e pai ana kia whai māramatanga ki ngā mea pērā i te maha o ngā tau atu ka whakamahia ai te tarakihana kia kore e whai raru me te maha o ngā wā e pakaru ai i ngā wāhi ngoikera o te anga. Ko te nuinga o ngā tohunga o te ahumāga e whakaatu ana kia tirohia tino pai me pēhea te wāhi e whakamahia ai te tarakihana i ia rā me te mōhiotia hoki i te momo kawenga e anohia ana e ia i ia wā i mua i te whiriwhiri i ngā whakapai ake i te anga kia tino tika ai te whiriwhiringa mō ia wāhi.

Whakatutuki me te Whakawehenga Pūmotu

He nui te panonitanga ina tika tāwhai anō ngā whakaturanga ki ērā hui whakangao, ina wātea ana te kawenga tika, me te pai ake o te haere ki ngā takiwā. Ina tika ngā tautuhinga o te tāwhai e ngā tohunga, ka kitea e rātou ko te tarukai e taraiwa pai ake ana i ngā haerenga roa, ā, kāore hoki e pēhia ana te anga. Ko te wehenga taumaha hoki he mea nui. Ina neke i te ake hui tahi, ā, whakauruhia hoki ngā taputapu e tōtō ana i te kawenga, kia pakari tonu te katoa, no matter what kind of cargo is onboard. Engari kei ētahi ture hei whai. Ko ngā taumaha e herea ana e ngā kairite tāone e pā ana ki te hāpai ake i ērā waka i te tīmatanga. He kore noa kia pakaru i ngā raru moni, engari ko te haerenga haumaru hoki te mea matua, nō reira kia tūtohu ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā tarukai kia ūrū katoa ngā tarukai ki ngā here ture katoa i mua i te wehe atu mō tētahi haerenga rahi.

Whakaritenga Aeraonamika mō ngā Pūtea Whakaiti

Te Tirohanga Taeake me ngā Tirohanga Neke

Ko ngā pāpaku me ngā kōpae taha ki ngā kamupene he whakaiti i te tōkaro ake o te hau, arā ka pai ake te kaha o te manawa. Ina tūhono tātou i ēnei wāhanga, ka maimai ake te rere o te hau ki runga i te tinana o te waka, whakaiti i te tōkaro e ngaro ai te kora. E ētahi rangahau ana ka whakaatu i te nui o ngā whakapai aerodynamic ka taea te penapena i te 7% ki ngā utu kora. Ka tū tonu, kāore i te māmā te nui o te whakaputanga. E maha ngā kamupene tawhito e kore e tāwhai i ngā pāpaku hōu kia kore kia whakarerekētia. A, me whai mōhio tātou, he wehe kē ngā utu – mātua tāpae i te rōpū rātou o ngā rērea e rua rauta tae atu ki te rua kau pāuna, e pā ana ki te mea e hiahiatia ana kia pai. Heoi anō, e maha ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā kāwaka e kitea ana e rite ana te utu i te tere atu i te penapena i te kora, ina huihui nui ngā waka e rere ana i ngā rā katoa.

Whakatangitanga Whare Tūmomo Hiko Rere

Kei te whakarereke ake i ngā hoahoa kapi tuku ki te whakamahi i ngā āhua pōroto me ngā taputapu iti e whakarahi ai i te hau ka whai tikanga nui ki te rahinga hau e tautohu ana i ngā waka. Ina meatia tika, āwhina ēnei whakarerekenga i te arataki i te hau māmā noa mai i te tuku, e iti iho ai te tātaku hau, ā, ka pakaru hoki i te nuinga o te moni kaua. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere waka katoa anō te whakapua pū mō ō rātou waka e haere whakamua ana i te wā i whakahoutia ai ō rātou hoahoa kapi. E ētahi anō rāpaki hoki ka whakaatu i te mea ko te whiriwhiri i ngā kapi e ū ana ki te arataki hau ka iti ake te tātaku ki te tata ki te 20%. Ka tūhono tā te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te whakaputanga moni i te tīmatanga, engari ka kitea e rātou ko te moni e pakaru ake ai i te wā roa ka utu i ērā moni tuatahi. Ka tika te tātai ina tirohia ngā utu whakamutunga o te wā poto ki te utu i te tīmatanga.

Ngā Whakauru Iwi Kaiarahi

Ngā Poraka Tūtonu me ngā Taunaki Whakahaere

Ko te hoahoa i ngā whare taraka taraka ki te whai tikanga ki te mahi tūono e whai mātua rerekē ai i te nui o te whakamau i te kaiwhakahaere me te whakapakari ake i te mahi, ā, he tino nui ina huihui ana koe ki ngā hīkoi roa ake i te whenua. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere noho pōpō te nui ake o te mahi i muri i te whakahaere, noho tūpato ake me te whai māramatanga ake ki te āhua o ngā mea e hōu ana i te ara i mua i rātou. Ko ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana kei te hono tūhonohono te noho pāpaku o ngā nohoanga me ngā tāpure mahi pai ake mō ngā kaiwhakahaere, ā, kei te kitea e ngā kamupene he iti ake ngā take o te huri i ngā kaimahi anō hoki. Mō te tētahi e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake i ngā tikanga ki roto i ēnei taraka rahi, he nui te utu ki ngā nohoanga kounga ki te tautoko tūpono whakarewa. Me tāwhai ngā tāpapaku ringaringa kia tāwhai i ngā momo tinana katoa tika anō hoki. A, ka tīmata tātou ki te kōrero mō ngā tahataha o ngā paparorohiko – me katoa ngā mea matua me noho ki te wāhi e taea ai e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tango i te tere kāore anō kia tākai i ā rātou kanohi i te ara. Ko te whare rereke e hoahoaia ana ki te whai tikanga ki ēnei tikanga matua e wātea ai te taiao haumaru ake i te nuinga o te wā me te noho pāpaku i ngā kaimahi i te mātāpuna kia mātāpuna.

Te Whakatūngia Hāpai Waimarie me ngā Rautaki Herehere

Ko ngā pūnaha hōuhu hau tōtika o te wā nōhia he wāhinga nui ki te whakapai ake i te noho whakapā ake mō ngā taraiwa i ērā hīkoi roa ki te ara, ā, ko tēnei noho whakapā e āwhina ai i te whakaitinga i te whakama. Ko te tōtika tika o te wera e whakauru ai i te kāpuni ki te rahi tika kia noho tū awake ngā taraiwa kaua ko te moe pōuri, kaua hoki ko te ngākau pani. Kua whakawhanake hoki ngā hangarau aratohu i ēnei rā. Kei te nuinga o ngā tarakihana kei te wātea ngā pūnaha e whakaatu ana i ngā tikanga ara kua whakauruhia, ā, e whakauru ana i ngā ara pai ake mō te whakawhitinga, arā, he iti ake te noho ki te tātā ara, he iti ake hoki ngā utu hinu i te mutunga o te marama. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere waka e whakapai ake ana i ā rātou waka ki ngā whakaputanga hinu, whakau, me ngā aratohu hinengaro, ka kitea e rātou ngā taraiwa harikoa e noho pū ana. Ā, ko ngā taraiwa harikoa ka mutu ki te iti ake ngā wehenga waka, ki te tere ake i ngā wā tuku, ā, i te mutunga o te rā, ki te ara pai ake mō ngā kamupene e whakahaere ana i ngā whakaurunga tuku ake nui.

Te Whakahaere i ngā Ture me ngā Taurangi Kairangi

Te Whakaaro i ngā Ture Herehere Whakatata

Ko te whakatutuki i ngā tikanga whakaputanga he mea matua nui inaianei mō ngā waka iti, ā, he tino pono tēnei ina kātahi ngā kāwanatanga ka whakapaku ake i ā rātou wherewhere aronui i te wā katoa. Tirohia ngā aha kei te pōhuri tawā - kei Ōropi ngā wherewhere Euro VI paku whakaaetia, i te tuanui ki Amerika, kei te whakatakoto haere te EPA i ngā here hou mō ngā mea pērā i ngā oksītihi nitrogene me ngā pāpaku pāpaku. Ko te mea nui ake mō ngā kamupene waka he noho tūpono ki ēnei whakarerekētanga kia māmā ai i ngā raru moni nui me te āwhina i te hau parurenga. Ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene waka angitu he whakauru i ngā whakangao hou ina taea. Ngā mea pērā i ngā punaha whakarere i te kōhinga kairakau me ngā tātete whakaputa hau hou hoki e whakanui ai i te rerehua. Ētahi tangata kei te tūhono ki ngā rōpū pērā i te International Council on Clean Transportation, i te whakauru rānei ki ngā rauemi mai i ngā rōpū pērā i te Diesel Technology Forum. E whakarato ēnei rōpū i te aronga mātua i roto i te tini o ngā tikanga, ahakoa he pono tonu te uaua o te haerenga anō hoki me te tautoko katoa e wātea ana.

Tirohanga Whakaaetanga Momi me te Rangi

He nui rawa te take o te taumaha me te roa o ngā waka tere i te whakahaere i te waka haumaru, i te huarahi anō hoki. Ko te FHWA e whakarite ana i ngā taumaha taumaha me ngā here whakahaere mō ngā waka hokohoko, e pa ana ki te ara e whakarite ai ngā kaiwaha me te whakahaere i ā raatau mahi. Me mātua tirotiroa e ngā kamupene te whakaaetanga i ia wā noa mai i te whai raru ki te tautohe i ēnei ture ka hinga i ngā hararei whakapāhunu me ngā raru hui tārore. Kei te mātua whakamahi ētahi kaiwhakahaere waka i ngā pātō taumaha tāwhaihoki anō hoki i ngā taputapu ine ake kia mōhio ki ngā raru i mua i te nuinga o te wā. Kua kitea e tātou tino nui ngā take i ngā kamupene kua whakakahaia te waka i te ara, i te nuinga o te wā kua piki ake ngā utu inihua i muri i ngā tautohe tāpiri. Engari kāore i te mea noa te whakaaetanga kia kaua e tautohe i ngā raru. Ko te whakapau tāpoi tētahi i te haumānga o ngā kaiwaka me te whakapai ake i te whakaeke tūmatanui o te umanga katoa.

Wāhanga FAQ

He aha te take hei whakaāhua i ngā hiahia matua mō te whakatuku?

Mā te mōhio i ngā hiahia hau kai tuatahi ka taea te whakatika i tōu traktā tūrua ki te mahi i ngā momo kai ā-wheako, whakamana i te whanonga pai me te haumaru.

Ētahi atu paunga kei te whakaaturanga whenua hei whakapai i te whanonga o te traktā tūrua?

Ki te whakaatu i te whenua, ka whai wā ka taea te whakatere i ngā whakarerekē e tika ana ki ngā ara matua, whakapai i te ao o te tūrua, tirotiro i te rorohiko me te pūmau, me te whakapai i te whakahaere ngenge.

He aha ngā panga o ngā whiuwhiu hīkoi me ngā rautaki nui kē?

Ka whakaiti ngā whiuwhiu hīkoi me ngā rautaki nui kē pērā i te biodiesel i te kaiwhiuwhiu me ngā whatuwhitinga, whakaiti i ngā ra kawe hoko me te tautoko i te oranga taiao.

Kei te aha te āhua o ngā hoahoa ērongo i te whakangungu a te kaiārahi?

Ka whai ngoikore ngā hoahoa ērongo ki te waihanga pai a te kaiārahi, ka heke te kapu, ka whai painga te pūmau ki te mahi, me te whakapai i ngā tūtohu haumaru me ngā rōpū whakamānuitanga i runga i ngā haere roa.

He aha ngā hua matua o te whakaaro mō ngā ture mō ngā karawa?

Ko te whaihere i ngā ture, ko te whai i ngā taurangi ngenge me ngā ture rahitanga/makere, e āwhina ana ki te whakaae i ngā pūkete me te whakatū pai i ngā mahi me ngā haere haumaru.